Browsing by Type "Controlled Vocabulary for Resource Type Genres::texto::libro::capítulo de libro"
  • Institution Publication
    A 40-Year-Old Male Farmer from Peru With Chronic Cough and Weight Loss
    ( 2020-01-01)
    Jacquerioz F.
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    Seas C.
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    Seas C.
    ;
    Seas C.
  • Institution Publication
    A case study of the economic, social, and environmental impacts of BIC companies in Peru
    ( 2023-05-25)
    Gómez-Prado R.
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    Sánchez-Palomino J.
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    Alvarez-Risco A.
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    de las Mercedes-Anderson M.
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    Del-Aguila-Arcentales S.
    In recent years, there has been growing concern about economic, social, and environmental challenges that are developing throughout the world. In response, there have been calls for the implementation of more sustainable practices in the business environment that respond to the needs of the population and also guarantee economic benefits. The Collective Benefit and Interest Company (known by its Spanish acronym BIC) is a model born out of these demands. It seeks to develop tools to solve environmental and community problems through everyday business activities. It is found that many of the Peruvian BIC companies emerged due to indifference and lack of support from the government for vulnerable populations. We analyze and compare the situational context of the legal framework of the BIC Law in the region and the challenges of implementation in the regulatory frameworks of these countries. Furthermore, we look at how this can be adopted by developing countries to achieve a greater global and regional impact. The research methodology is based on a documentary and case study review of the creation of BIC companies in Peru.
  • Institution Publication
    A Content-Based Group Recommender System Using Feature Weighting and Virtual Users Aggregation
    ( 2023-01-01)
    Pérez-Almaguer Y.
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    Barranco M.J.
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    Caballero Mota Y.
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    Yera R.
    Recommender systems (RSs) are tools that help users to make decisions, when they face overloaded domains, suggesting the best items according to their tastes and preferences. Content-based RSs (CBRSs) are one of the most popular types of RSs, which work with items’ descriptions and users’ profiles to make recommendations. Besides, group recommendation systems (GRSs) are another type of RS which are focused on user groups rather than individual users, providing recommendations based on the group preferences. The present work proposes a new method of content-based group recommendations (CB-GRSs), which represents a line of work scarcely addressed by the scientific community, with three main novelties: weighting of item features, integrating group profiles in the set of user profiles and selecting dynamically the best aggregation function depending on the size of the group. An experimental study is carried out to show the advantages of the proposal with respect to previous works.
  • Institution Publication
    A Detailed Design and Construction of a Supercritical Antisolvent Precipitation Equipment
    ( 2019-01-01)
    Santos D.T.
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    Santana Á.L.
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    Meireles M.A.A.
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    Petenate A.J.
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    Silva E.K.
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    Albarelli J.Q.
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    Johner J.C.F.
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    M. S. Gomes M.T.
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    Torres R.A.D.C.
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    Hatami T.
    This work consists of the steps for the assembly of a Supercritical Antisolvent Precipitation laboratory equipment and evaluation of the parts acquisition costs. A flow diagram with all components was developed, a complete list of all necessary components was presented, and an estimate of the acquisition of these parts in Brazil was reported. The stages of construction along with the importance of each component in the equipment were discussed. An equipment designs were presented as a result of the current work that serve as a basis for consulting future work on the development of new equipment.
  • Institution Publication
    A framework for studying the retirement process in Europe
    ( 2016-01-01)
    Rey-Ares L.
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    Fernández-López S.
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    Vivel-Búa M.
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    Zapata-Huamaní G.A.
    Population ageing will shape ‘the Europe’ to come and its political agenda. In less than fifty years, older people in Europe will have doubled in relation to people in working age, and are expected to reach 30% of the population (United Nations, 2013). This previous trend questions the longterm sustainability of the European pension systems. To ensure their sustainability, among other measures, governments have continued the reforms started in the mid-1990s (Börsch-Supan et al., 2009). Some of these reforms have been focused on increasing the reliance on individual private savings (Rey et al., 2015). However, European citizens are far from being ‘homogenous individuals’. Therefore, the ‘one size fits all’ policies that have characterized European strategy in last years could have quite different effects on retirees’ economics well-being depending on differences in individuals’ health, wealth or other social features. To foresee the potential effects of these policies on retirement well-being, it is necessary to achieve a better scientific understanding of complex interactions between health, economic and social factors (Börsch-Supan et al., 2005; Jürges, 2009). Over the last decade, academic researchers and public decisionmakers have coped with these challenges by starting to create a crossnationally comparable microdata infrastructure that helps researchers to better understand the individual and population ageing processes. The objective of this chapter is not only to document the characteristics of the existing European datasets containing household and individual-level information on retirement well-being, but also to discuss potential strategies for researching the interactions between individuals’ financial decisions and other issues in European countries.
  • Institution Publication
    A Study on the Impact of Green Branding on Consumer Buying Behaviour with Respect to the Purchase of Apparel
    ( 2024-01-01)
    Acosta-Ponce W.
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    Kazim S.
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    Jaheer Mukthar K.P.
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    Villanueva-Calderón J.
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    Ramirez E.H.
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    Singh J.K.
    Consumer behavior towards apparel is a complex and varied phenomenon, and the introduction of “green” apparel further complicates the decision-making process. Therefore, it is crucial to study the behavior of consumers who prefer eco-friendly clothing brands. The study begins by examining the characteristics that classify a brand as “green” and provides a comprehensive definition for such brands. Moreover, the study investigates the factors that impact green consumers’ perception of brands and their relationship with them, and proposes a conceptual model for identifying the components that influence such behavior. These models have been subjected to reliable and valid testing and have been widely accepted. Studying the behavior of green consumers towards eco-friendly apparel is a new area of research that involves identifying various components of consumer behavior that can elicit a positive response. By identifying these components, marketers can develop effective marketing strategies that promote positive perceptions of green brands and foster strong relationships with green consumers, thereby enhancing their brand positioning and recall. Additionally, this research seeks to divide consumers into segments with an identified marketing template to improve their perception or relationship with green apparel brands.
  • Institution Publication
    A taxonomy of edge computing
    ( 2024-05-24)
    Avanija J.
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    Goundar S.
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    Sunitha G.
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    Reddy Madhavi K.
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    Balaji V.
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    Reddy P.T.S.
    Edge Computing is termed as an important paradigm utilized to address the problems related to latency, bandwidth, and privacy. It is required to create a taxonomy that offers a thorough understanding of the various aspects and components of edge computing . This chapter focuses on the taxonomy of edge computing that captures its various aspects including deployment models, application domains, infrastructure, and services. The chapter also discusses the components such as edge servers, edge networks, edge analytics, and edge devices. The range of edge computing-enabled applications discussed in the chapter include as Internet of Things, autonomous driving, augmented reality, video surveillance, and more. By providing the systematic organization of edge computing concepts, the taxonomy helps researchers, decision-makers to navigate the landscape of edge computing effectively (Varghese et al., 2016). It facilitates better understanding of different elements of edge computing and their relationship. It facilitates a better understanding of the relationships and interdependencies between different elements of edge computing, fostering knowledge sharing, collaboration, and innovation. This chapter provides an discussion on the taxonomy of edge computing, offering a structured framework for comprehending the various dimensions and elements of this evolving technique.
  • Institution Publication
  • Institution Publication
    Adaptations to Climate Variability in Fisheries and Aquaculture Social-Ecological Systems in the Northern Humboldt Current Ecosystem: Challenges and Solutions
    ( 2022-01-01)
    Romagnoni G.
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    Kluger L.C.
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    Kluger L.C.
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    Kluger L.C.
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    Tam J.
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    Wolff M.
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    Wolff M.
    The Peruvian Upwelling ecosystem is highly productive. El Niño variability affects species abundance and distribution, and thus marine activities. Climate change is modifying El Niño patterns, compromising the strategies of marine organisms and human activities to cope with its variability. We focus on three marine social-ecological systems to identify weaknesses and leverage points for adaptation and resilience. We find that (1) the Peruvian artisanal fishery and aquaculture sectors urgently need an institutional framework for adaptation to future environmental changes; (2) bottom-up adaptation strategies require institutional support, tailored to socio-ecological specificities; and (3) additional research on socio-ecological tipping points and their effects for human-nature interactions and societal repercussions is necessary. These finding may be useful in other systems undergoing similar challenges.
  • Institution Publication
    Addressing Sustainability Challenges Through Supply Chain Managers’ Transformative Leadership Behavior
    ( 2021-01-01)
    Fritz M.
    ;
    Cordova M.
    Sustainability concerns are far beyond individual action of the organizations or even countries. Instead, global supply chains have demonstrated their potential as powerful networks of integration, connecting the most important economic activities in the world. Nevertheless, supply chains have to rely on their leaders to achieve a proper performance, so adding a sustainability perspective on these leaders will drive to the incorporation of sustainability practices alongside supply chains at each stage and process. This chapter aims to highlight the importance of adopting a sustainability mindset for supply chains’ leaders, in order to fulfill stakeholders’ expectations regarding social concerns, environmental detriment, and economic welfare. Moreover, we discuss how a transformative leadership would be achieved, by thinking ahead of traditional supply chains’ measures such as price, quality, and speed, finding important insights from real examples. Beyond businesses and supply chain leaders, we also address the need to address sustainability issues in a systems perspective, in which we highlight the crucial role of teaching and learning.
  • Institution Publication
    Administrative Aspects
    ( 2025-01-01)
    Villavicencio-Caparó E.
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    Villavicencio-Caparó E.
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    Patiño-Ramón E.
    This chapter explores the administrative aspects of bibliographic indexing and the evolution of research methodologies in health services. It highlights the historical contributions of Scottish epidemiologist Archie Cochrane, whose emphasis on evidence-based healthcare in the 1970s spurred the development of systematic review techniques and modernized bibliographic indexing systems, evolving from traditional methods like Index Medicus to frameworks established by the Institute for Scientific Information. The chapter highlights the importance of metadata in improving the traceability and management of scientific publications, underscoring its role as structured data essential for enhancing research accessibility. Key metadata components, such as article titles, authorship, abstracts, keywords, publication dates, and DOIs, facilitate article classification and retrieval while enhancing the integrity and visibility of scientific literature. Ultimately, the chapter underscores the necessity of robust bibliographic indexing systems to support effective health interventions and advance evidence-based medicine, enabling researchers and practitioners to navigate scientific communication complexities more effectively.
  • Institution Publication
    Adult Tapeworm Infections
    ( 2024-01-01)
    Fischer P.R.
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    White A.C.
  • Institution Publication
    Advanced omics approaches in mitigation of industrial wastewater
    ( 2025-01-01)
    Hualpa-Cutipa E.
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    Luis-Alaya B.
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    Andrade-Elera A.
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    Alba S.R.R.
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    Calla J.
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    Tena L.K.C.
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    Huamán C.M.R.
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    López R.A.D.
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    Mena A.G.S.
    Various human activities today have an impact on aquatic ecosystems. Wastewater discharged from various sources, including industrial, domestic, agricultural, and mining, contains high concentrations of organic and inorganic pollutants. The wastewater is subjected to various physical, chemical, and biological treatments to mitigate or reduce its impact when it is released into the environment. However, they are not completely effective because there are recalcitrant contaminants that are difficult to remove. More advanced strategies are needed to identify and study the full set of biomolecules produced by microorganisms involved in wastewater bioremediation. Omics approaches are advanced strategies that allow us to study all cellular components of microorganisms (DNA, RNA, proteins, metabolites, etc.) in a global way. The integration of omics approaches in wastewater treatment allows us to understand the interaction of microorganisms with their environment from a global perspective. This leads to the development of new strategies to improve the efficiency of microbial biodegradation of pollutants in wastewater. So, this chapter focuses on developing the most important advanced omics approaches to get a better idea of how microorganisms that can biodegrade wastewater behave to improve the efficiency of removing pollutants. In addition, future perspectives on the integration of omics in the field of wastewater treatment are also discussed.
  • Institution Publication
    Afro-Peruvian citizenship: An Unfulflled promise after 200 years of republican independence
    ( 2024-03-20)
    Cotito M.N.
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    Cotito G.N.
    By 1821, Peru had enslaved 100,000 Africans mainly to work in the coastal haciendas in Peru. By the end of the colonization period in Peru, the capital city of Lima was mainly inhabited by criollos (population of direct Spanish heritage born in the Americas), mestizos, and Blacks, while a robust indigenous population inhabited the highlands of the country. Yet, during the forming of the national identity, the Black population was excluded. The authors argue that even after 200 years of republican independence, the promise of full Black citizenship is still unfulfilled. The chapter explores the social and political situation of Afrodescendants historically and explains how the national dynamics of racism have influenced this process and how it continues to affect Afroperuvians.
  • Institution Publication
    Agroindustrial biomass: Potential materials for production of biopolymeric films
    ( 2017-01-01)
    Tapia-Blácido D.R.
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    Maniglia B.C.
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    Martelli-Tosi M.
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    Passos V.F.
    The global production of plastic reached 299 million tonnes in 2013. Unfortunately, less than 5% of all this plastic was recycled, leading to rapid accumulation of plastic waste and consequent environmental pollution (Plastics Europe 2015). In this context, the use of biopolymers in multiple food-packaging applications has emerged as an alternative and environmentally friendly technology to produce biodegradable films (Espitia et al. 2014). Application of these materials will only be feasible if they are competitive in terms of cost and functionality as compared to synthetic plastics. Initially, many researchers considered producing biodegradable films from polysaccharides and/or proteins, but the use of pure polymers yielded expensive materials. In an attempt to find cheaper raw materials to produce biodegradable films, current research has focused on agroindustrial biomass as a source of natural polymers such as carbohydrates, proteins and fibres. Agroindustrial biomass may also contain bioactive compounds like antioxidants and antimicrobials, allowing the production of bioactive films that offer extra benefits in relation to conventional materials. For example, fruit and vegetable processing generates a large amount of residues and is 193therefore a serious environmental concern. However, this agroindustrial matter could be a potential source of natural antioxidants and serve as an additive to produce biopackaging film, providing nutritional and technological advantages (Oliveira et al. 2015; Schieber et al. 2001).
  • Institution Publication
    AI Knows What You Did Last Summer: Applications in Digital Forensics
    ( 2024-01-01)
    Yang J.
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    Nascimento J.
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    Bertocco G.
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    Theophilo A.
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    Padilha R.
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    Soriano-Vargas A.
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    Andaló F.A.
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    Rocha A.
    The past decade saw an explosive advancement in smartphones and cameras, making them even more powerful and cheaper. As a result, not only can we record high-quality footage of the world around us, but their increased accessibility makes it rare that a significant event goes unnoticed. Furthermore, once something is captured, it can be uploaded instantly to social media and accessed by millions of people. Even though this connectivity has multiple positive effects, social media also raised new challenges in our society, such as the spread of fake news and misinformation. This scenario has created a range of new problems that Digital Forensics is concerned about, from analyzing major events in the world — such as, terrorist attempts, wars, and natural disasters — to understanding how these are perceived and discussed online. To cope with the scale of such problems, they are often approached by powerful artificial intelligence (AI) techniques developed during the last decades. This chapter presents modern applications of AI in the Digital Forensics field. Person re-identification (PReID), visual analytics, fact-checking, event filtering, and authorship attribution are just a few examples of forensic tasks that have been leveraged from recent advances in AI research in this new scenario. We discuss each task’s associated problems, challenges, current methods, and future research directions and hope to give the reader a general idea of the challenges of the field and its imperative demands for new tools and smart techniques to face the challenges of the 21st century.
  • Institution Publication
    Alpaca and Llama: Domestication
    ( 2014-01-01)
    Metcalf J.L.
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    Metcalf J.L.
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    Cooper A.
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    Wheeler J.C.
  • Institution Publication
    Alpine Birds of South America
    ( 2020-01-01)
    Sevillano-Ríos C.S.
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    Sevillano-Ríos C.S.
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    Rodewald A.D.
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    Rodewald A.D.
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    Morales L.V.
    In South America, “alpine birds” are those bird species inhabiting the High Andes (>2500masl). The study of this group has progressed from the inventories and catalogues of expeditions led by 19th-century European naturalists to ecological studies of their distribution, work which has enabled the production of country-specific field guides allowing for continued study by new generations of local researchers and amateurs alike. There are six predominant Andean ecosystems that alpine birds of South America inhabit: Paramo, Puna, high-Andean wetlands and water bodies, high-Andean forests, human-modified areas and glaciers. Here, we describe high-Andean bird diversity according to its distribution throughout these six ecosystems and discuss threats to bird populations and conservation approaches. Altogether, these habitats host a species-rich group of 945 species, composed of both resident and migratory species, generalists and also highly specialized, endemic birds. Because many are specialized, mountain-top species, adapted to live within narrow elevational ranges and climatic conditions, one of the greatest conservation concerns facing South American alpine birds is the threat posed by climate change. Although upslope migration appears to be a viable strategy for some species, there is also evidence that others, especially many endemic mountaintop species, could become locally extinct as a consequence of global change. The decoupling of species-habitat and other ecological relationships that could arise from altitudinal migration may be particularly serious for highly specialized birds of Paramos, Polylepis forests, and wetlands. Due to the high vulnerability of South American alpine birds to climate change, it is important to undertake actions for the conservation and restoration of the ecosystems on which they depend as habitat, ranging from legal protection to education.
  • Institution Publication
    AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL
    ( 2013-01-01)
    Rousseau S.
  • Institution Publication
    An aspect-oriented framework to model non-functional requirements in software product lines of service-oriented architectures
    ( 2011-12-01)
    Alférez Salinas G.H.
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    Alférez Salinas E.M.
    Non-functional requirements (NFRs) are of primary importance in Software Product Lines (SPLs) of Service-Oriented Architectures (SOAs) as they specify the quality characteristics of a software system within a SPL. However, they are difficult to manage because they are found in many contexts with varying concerns and crosscut multiple concerns along the software lifecycle. Existing variability management techniques in the context of SPL engineering tend to concentrate at the code level and do not address NFRs in SOAs. The analysis of variability from the beginning benefits the management of services from requirements to design and vice versa. Also, there is a need for a navigation chart to help practitioners to model NFRs in SPLs of SOAs while separating difficult to modularize and maintain crosscutting concerns. This chapter presents and applies an extended version of an aspect-oriented framework for SPLs that exploits aspect-oriented software development (AOSD) techniques in order to model variability of NFRs in SPLs of SOAs from early development stages. The aspect-oriented framework for SPLs is related to the Core Asset Development and Product Development activities in product line development proposed by the Software Engineering Institute (SEI) of Carnegie Mellon University. The analysis is driven by a SPL where metrics were applied in order to assess the performance of the framework. © 2011, IGI Global.