Browsing by Type "Controlled Vocabulary for Resource Type Genres::texto::revista::artículo::artículo original"
  • Publication
    An Algorithm for the Estimation of Hemoglobin Level from Digital Images of Palpebral Conjunctiva Based in Digital Image Processing and Artificial Intelligence
    ( 2024-07-16)
    Moreno G.
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    Camargo A.
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    Ayala L.
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    Zimic M.
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    Del Carpio C.
    Anemia is a common problem that affects a significant part of the world’s population, especially in impoverished countries. This work aims to improve the accessibility of remote diagnostic tools for underserved populations. Our proposal involves implementing algorithms to estimate hemoglobin levels using images of the eyelid conjunctiva and a calibration label captured with a mid-range cell phone. We propose three algorithms: one for calibration label segmentation, another for palpebral conjunctiva segmentation, and the last one for estimating hemoglobin levels based on the segmented images from the previous algorithms. Experiments were performed using a data set of children’s eyelid images and calibration stickers. An L1 norm error of 0.72 g/dL was achieved using the SLIC-GAT model to estimate the hemoglobin level. In conclusion, the integration of these segmentation and regression methods improved the estimation accuracy compared to current approaches, considering that the source of the images was a mid-range commercial camera. The proposed method has the potential for mass screening in low-income rural populations as it is non-invasive, and its simplicity makes it feasible for community health workers with basic training to perform the test. Therefore, this tool could contribute significantly to efforts aimed at combating childhood anemia.
  • Publication
    Analysis of the Effectiveness Factor in a Fixed-Bed Tubular Reactor System: Catalytic Dehydrogenation of Cyclohexanol
    ( 2023-03-01)
    Carrasco-Venegas L.A.
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    González-Fernández J.V.
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    Castañeda-Pérez L.G.
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    Medina-Collana J.T.
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    Palomino-Hernández G.
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    Martínez-Hilario D.G.
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    Trujillo-Pérez S.A.
    The modeling and simulation of the catalytic dehydrogenation process of cyclohexanol in a fixed-bed catalytic reactor is presented, leading to finding the relationship between the effectiveness factor, the Thiele modulus, and the Weisz–Prater modulus of the catalyst particles with respect to their axial and radial position, for which the external conditions of concentration and temperature around each particle were previously obtained by applying the material and energy balances in the catalyst bed considering a two-dimensional pseudo-homogeneous model with radial diffusion. Subsequently, the material balances are established in terms of the molar flux density and conversion, the energy balance in terms of the heat flux density, Fick’s law, Fourier’s law, and the differential form of the effectiveness factor non-isothermal for each particle chosen based on the proposed meshing. The Thiele modulus calculated for most of the points is between 0.8 and 0.25, with a tendency towards the lower limit, and the theoretical values established as the limit for the Thiele modulus fluctuate between (Formula presented.). Therefore, the effectiveness factor analyzed is between 1 and (Formula presented.) ; this indicates that both the reaction speed as well as the diffusion speed within the particle have an influence on the intraparticle process, which is confirmed by the calculation of the Weisz–Prater modulus whose values are not (Formula presented.) 1 nor (Formula presented.) 1. The results obtained are subjected to a statistical test leading to analyzing whether there are significant differences both in the Thiele modulus, as well as in the effectiveness factor with respect to the radius and length of the reactor. It has been determined that there are no significant differences between the effectiveness factor with respect to the radius of the reactor; however, according to the analysis of variance, there are significant differences in the effectiveness factor with respect to length and, likewise, there are significant differences in the Thiele modulus and the Weisz–Prater modulus with respect to radius and length.
  • Publication
    Association between Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Glycemic Control in Older Adults in a Medical Center in Peru
    ( 2024-01-01)
    Quintanilla K.
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    Joo K.M.
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    La Torre H.L.
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    Neyra-Rivera C.D.
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    Gutierrez E.L.
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    Parodi J.F.
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    Runzer-Colmenares F.M.
    Objective. To determine whether there is an association between subclinical hypothyroidism and glycemic control in older adults who received care at the "Centro Médico Naval"from 2010 to 2015. Methods. This retrospective analytical study analyzed a secondary database of the care of elderly in the study hospital. The sample was comprised of 1,385 older adults. To detect an association between variables, the Poisson regression with robust variance was used at a significance level of 95%. The analyses were carried out with the STATA 16 program. Results. Of the elderly 45.6% were between 71 and 80 years old; 58.4% were women and 43.8% had a normal body mass index. There was evidence of inadequate glycemic control in 8.1% and subclinical hypothyroidism in 15.2% of the elderly patients. Subclinical hypothyroidism was more frequent in the inadequate glycemic control vs. adequate glycemic control populations (41.1% vs. 13.0%). In the multivariance analysis, subclinical hypothyroidism (aPR = 2.22 95% CI [1.47-3.36]) was independent factor associated with inadequate glycemic control (p<0.001). Conclusions. A significant association was detected between subclinical hypothyroidism and inadequate glycemic control in older adults who presented at the "Centro Médico Naval"from 2010 to 2015.
  • Publication
    Direct Measurement of Nuclear Dependence of Charged Current Quasielasticlike Neutrino Interactions Using MINERvA IQ
    ( 2016-04-20)
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    Charged-current νμ interactions on carbon, iron, and lead with a final state hadronic system of one or more protons with zero mesons. IQ
  • Publication
    Effects of skin-to-skin contact on mental health outcomes in the parents of full-term newborns: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
    ( 2025-01-15)
    Mendoza-Aucaruri L.
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    López-Mesia J.P.
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    Ttito-Paricahua L.
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    Magallanes-Corimanya M.
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    Asencios-Falcón E.M.
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    Lopez-Gomero A.
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    Fernandez-Guzman D.
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    Fernandez-Guzman D.
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    Taype-Rondan A.
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    Taype-Rondan A.
    Background: The postpartum period can be emotionally challenging for parents, with documented levels of anxiety, stress, and depression. While the benefits of skin-to-skin contact (SSC) are well-known, its impact on the mental health of parents of full-term newborns has been less studied. Objective: We aimed to assess the effects of SSC in mental health outcomes in the parents of full-term newborns. Methods: In this systematic review, a comprehensive search was conducted to identify randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing SSC versus no SSC and assessing mental health outcomes. Meta-analyses were performed whenever possible, and the GRADE approach was used to rate the certainty of evidence. Results: We included 9 RCTs with 1201 participants. Regarding the risk of bias, the most affected domains were selective reporting, blinding, and allocation concealment. Regarding parental anxiety, SSC may reduce it at short-term, while it is unsure its effect at mid-term and it may not have any effect at long-term. Regarding Psychological stress, SSC may not have an impact at mid- and long-term. Regarding delivery-related post-traumatic stress symptoms, SSC may not have an impact at short-, mid-, and long-term. Regarding depressive symptoms, the evidence is uncertain at short- and mid-term. Limitations: For the assessed outcomes, certainty of the evidence was low or very low. Conclusion: SSC may reduce parental anxiety at short-term, while it may not have an impact in psychological stress and delivery-related post-traumatic stress symptoms. Moreover, the evidence is uncertain regarding its effect in long-term anxiety and depressive symptoms.
  • Publication
    Flavonoid diversity in bitter and debittered seeds of Andean lupin (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet)
    ( 2024-06-01)
    Tian Y.
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    Cortés-Avendaño P.
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    Yang B.
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    Glorio-Paulet P.
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    Repo-Carrasco-Valencia R.
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    Suomela J.P.
    Seeds of ten Andean lupin (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet) ecotypes were collected from different regions of Peru and treated with an aqueous debittering method. Both untreated and treated seeds were analyzed by using LC-MS to investigate flavonoid profiles of different ecotypes and impact of debittering process on these compounds. Thirteen isoflavones (mainly as glycosides of genistein and methoxy-genistein) and eight flavones (glycosylated apigenins and methyl-luteolins) were characterized as the main flavonoids in the seed samples. The untreated lupin seeds contained 187–252 mg/100 g (dry weight) of flavonoids. The main difference among lupin ecotypes was observed in the levels of genistein-malonylhexoside, methoxy-genistein-malonylhexoside, and methyl-luteolin-malonylhexoside. After the debittering treatment, the total flavonoid content in the seeds was decreased to 125–203 mg/100 g dry weight, the aglycones of genistein, methoxy-genistein, and methyl-luteolin being the key distinguishing compounds of ecotypes. The aqueous treatment was effective in degrading flavonoid glycosides and releasing the corresponding aglycones.
  • Institution Publication
    Fulminant acute liver failure secondary to severe dengue in a child: case report
    ( 2024-04-01)
    Domínguez-Rojas J.
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    Cabrera-Rojas L.
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    Prado-Gómez T.
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    Atamari-Anahui N.
    Dengue is a common infectious disease in tropical areas such as Peru. This virus can cause underreported and potentially fatal complications such as acute liver failure. We report the case of a 7-year-old boy who presented with fever, headache, and abdominal pain. On ultrasound, we found hepatomegaly and labs severe thrombocytopenia and elevated transaminases. During hospitalization he was diagnosed with severe dengue and developed acute liver failure, kidney injury, and encephalopathy. Although intensive care management and assisted ventilation, he developed multiple organ dysfunctions with fluid refractoriness and capillary leak. Acute liver failure secondary to severe dengue is a rare complication with an unfavorable outcome.
  • Publication
    Fulminant acute liver failure secondary to severe dengue in a child: case report
    ( 2024-04-01)
    Domínguez-Rojas J.
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    Cabrera-Rojas L.
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    Prado-Gómez T.
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    Atamari-Anahui N.
    Dengue is a common infectious disease in tropical areas such as Peru. This virus can cause underreported and potentially fatal complications such as acute liver failure. We report the case of a 7-year-old boy who presented with fever, headache, and abdominal pain. On ultrasound, we found hepatomegaly and labs severe thrombocytopenia and elevated transaminases. During hospitalization he was diagnosed with severe dengue and developed acute liver failure, kidney injury, and encephalopathy. Although intensive care management and assisted ventilation, he developed multiple organ dysfunctions with fluid refractoriness and capillary leak. Acute liver failure secondary to severe dengue is a rare complication with an unfavorable outcome.
  • Publication
    Gringo Entrepreneurship in Latin America. The Thorndikes of Peru, 1901-1938
    ( 2019-01-01)
    Cam D.W.
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    Lefranc H.H.
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    Weston J.M.C.
    This article studies with a business history framework the history of immigrant entrepreneurship of a North American family in Peru, whose origin goes back to the second half of the nineteenth century and its development takes place in the first forty years of the twentieth century. The origins go back to Ernesto Thorndike, a North American businessman whose business trajectory was situated principally in Peru. At the end of his life, he saw the decline of his fortune despite his social and intellectual capital, of being part of the economic and social elite of Lima at the end of the nineteenth century and the beginnings of the twentieth, and of the diversification of its businesses. The article analyzes this evolution and indicates driving factors of success and decline: intellectual capital un-exploitable because of Peru´s political and economic instability (the construction of railroads was paralyzed at the end of nineteenth century); the lack of speed to produce the necessary tacit technical knowledge to diversify of its businesses; and the lack of bonding social capital, which prevented the constitution of a family business group that capitalized contacts and relationships that extends in time the existence of firms beyond a generation.
  • Publication
    Prediction of neonatal death in pregnant women in an intensive care unit: Application of machine learning models
    ( 2023-10-01)
    Espinola-Sánchez M.
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    Espinola-Sánchez M.
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    Sanca-Valeriano S.
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    Campaña-Acuña A.
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    Campaña-Acuña A.
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    Caballero-Alvarado J.
    Introduction: Neonatal mortality remains a critical concern, particularly in developing countries. The advent of machine learning offers a promising avenue for predicting the survival of at-risk neonates. Further research is required to effectively deploy this approach within distinct clinical contexts. Objective: This study aimed to assess the applicability of machine learning models in predicting neonatal mortality, drawing from maternal and clinical characteristics of pregnant women within an intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: Conducted as an observational cross-sectional study, the research enrolled pregnant women receiving care in a level III national hospital's ICU in Peru. Detailed data encompassing maternal diagnosis, maternal characteristics, obstetric characteristics, and newborn outcomes (survival or demise) were meticulously collected. Employing machine learning, predictive models were developed for neonatal mortality. Estimations of beta coefficients in the training dataset informed the model application to the validation dataset. Results: A cohort of 280 pregnant women in the ICU were included in this study. The Gradient Boosting approach was selected following rigorous experimentation with diverse model types due to its superior F1-score, ROC curve performance, computational efficiency, and learning rate. The final model incorporated variables deemed pertinent to its efficacy, including gestational age, eclampsia, kidney infection, maternal age, previous placenta complications accompanied by hemorrhage, severe preeclampsia, number of prenatal checkups, and history of miscarriages. By incorporating optimized hyperparameter values, the model exhibited an impressive area under the curve (AUC) of 0.98 (95 % CI: 0.95–1), along with a sensitivity of 0.98 (95 % CI: 0.94–1) and specificity of 0.98 (95 % CI: 0.93–1). Conclusion: The findings underscore the utility of machine learning models, specifically Gradient Boosting, in foreseeing neonatal mortality among pregnant women admitted to the ICU, even when confronted with maternal morbidities. This insight can enhance clinical decision-making and ultimately reduce neonatal mortality rates.
  • Publication
    Prenatal diagnosis and perinatal outcomes in newborns with esophageal atresia
    ( 2024-03-01)
    Huertas-Tacchino E.
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    Huertas-Tacchino E.
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    Sanca-Valeriano S.
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    Sanca-Valeriano S.
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    Arango-Ochante P.M.
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    Arango-Ochante P.M.
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    Salazar F.C.
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    Salazar F.C.
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    Castro Y.T.T.
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    Castro Y.T.T.
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    Campos R.E.V.
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    Zelada J.A.
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    Zelada J.A.
    Introduction: Esophageal atresia is a rare congenital malformation of the digestive system. Early diagnosis is essential to plan adequate medical and surgical treatments. Objective: To evaluate the diagnosis of esophageal atresia using prenatal ultrasound and to describe the perinatal outcomes associated with this pathology. Methods: Descriptive, retrospective study of newborns with confirmed esophageal atresia seen at the Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal (INMP) between 2019-2021. Data were collected on medical and ultrasound diagnoses, as well as maternal and neonatal variables. The procedures were approved by the institution's ethics committee. The information was kept confidential using alphanumeric codes, and a coded and restricted database was created for analysis. Results: There were 46,301 births at the INMP. Eighteen cases of confirmed esophageal atresia were identified (3.9 per 10,000 births). It was found that 66.7% of cases with esophageal atresia had some other associated malformation, cardiac being the most frequent. Intrauterine growth restriction (66.6%) and polyhydramnios (55.5%) were the most common findings in prenatal ultrasounds. Mortality was 50%, but only 20% when excluding fetuses with malformations. Conclusions: In neonates with confirmed esophageal atresia, intrauterine growth restriction was the most frequent ultrasound finding. Polyhydramnios and small or absent stomach were observed in about 50% of the cases, so their absence does not exclude the possibility of this pathology. The incidence of associated malformations was similar to that reported in other publications, but infant mortality was higher even after excluding malformed fetuses.
  • Publication
    Social and scientific relevance of systems engineering undergraduate theses in Latin America
    ( 2024-10-08)
    Luna, Ana Eugenia
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    Luna, Ana Eugenia
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    Luna, Ana Eugenia
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    Luna, Ana Eugenia
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    Luna, Ana Eugenia
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    Luna, Ana Eugenia
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    Rivas, Lornel
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    Hidalgo-Leon, Pilar
    Contribución: El objetivo principal de esta investigación es contribuir con una metodología basada en técnicas de ciencia de datos que permita identificar las tesis de pregrado en Ingeniería de Sistemas en América Latina que tengan relevancia social y científica. Antecedentes: Toda investigación científica debe ser rigurosa y generar conocimiento sin descuidar la relevancia y el impacto social. Los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible promulgados por la ONU con miras a 2030 establecen directrices de investigación capaces de influir en la sociedad. De ahí la importancia de contar con una herramienta que permita obtener indicadores relacionados con la relevancia científica y social de las investigaciones. Pregunta de investigación: ¿Es posible identificar, a través de una metodología sistemática, las tesis de pregrado en Ingeniería de Sistemas en América Latina cuyo enfoque tenga relevancia científica y social? Metodología: Se utilizaron repositorios de acceso libre de 21 países latinoamericanos, y la búsqueda se restringió a las tesis de pregrado en Ingeniería de Sistemas publicadas entre 2015 y 2022. Se emplearon técnicas de scraping y crawling para demostrar la relevancia social y científica, considerando como fuentes el título, el resumen y las palabras clave de las tesis analizadas. Después de aplicar estas técnicas, los datos recopilados se almacenan en un conjunto de datos. Para refinarlo, se aplicaron filtros basados en el idioma, y se redujeron los resultados al incluir solo títulos con palabras clave mencionadas en los criterios de selección. Finalmente, se refinó la exploración utilizando el motor de búsqueda Google Scholar y la API de SERP para obtener métricas de versión y citación. Resultados: La implementación de una nueva metodología para buscar tesis de pregrado con relevancia social y científica arrojó resultados exitosos. Sin embargo, se identificó una gran heterogeneidad en las líneas de investigación abordadas por diferentes países latinoamericanos, lo que muestra distintas prioridades regionales, pero al mismo tiempo, oportunidades para canalizar los trabajos de investigación hacia un impacto social. La investigación proporciona información de referencia para impulsar tesis alineadas con las prioridades de desarrollo social y sostenibilidad.
  • Publication
    SY-MIS Project: Biomedical Design of Endo-Robotic and Laparoscopic Training System for Surgery on the Earth and Space
    ( 2024-04-01)
    Cornejo J.
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    Cornejo J.
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    Cornejo J.
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    Cornejo J.
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    Vargas M.
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    Carvajal M.
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    Perales P.
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    Rodríguez G.
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    Macias C.
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    Macias C.
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    Canizares S.
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    Silva P.
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    Cubas R.F.
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    Jimenez M.C.
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    Lincango E.P.
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    Serrano L.
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    Palomares R.
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    Aspilcueta S.
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    Castillo-Larios R.
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    Evans L.A.
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    De La Cruz-Vargas J.A.
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    Risk M.
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    Grossmann R.J.
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    Elli E.F.
    Despite the location (Earth or Space), surgical simulation is a vital part of improving technical skills and ensuring patients' safety in the real procedure. The purpose of this study is to describe the Space System for Minimally Invasive Surgery (SY-MIS©) project, which started in 2016 under the supervision of the Center for Space Systems (C-SET). The process connects the best features of the following machines: Biomedik Surgeon, Space Biosurgeon, SP-LAP 1, and SP-LAP 2, which were defined using the VDI 2221 guidelines. This research uses methods based on 3 standards: i) Biomedical design: ISO 9001-13485 / FDA 21 CFR 820.30 / ASTM F1744-96(2016); ii) Aerospace human factors: HF-STD-001; iii) Mechatronics design: VDI 2206. The results depict the conceptual biomedical design of a novel training system named Surgical Engineering and Mechatronic System (SETY©), which integrates the use of 2 laparoscopic tools and 2 anthropomorphic mini-robotic arms (6 DOF). It has been validated by the Evaluation of Technical Criteria, getting a total score of 90% related to clinical assessment, machine adaptability, and robustness. The novelty of the research lies in the introduction of a new procedure that covers the simultaneous use of laparoscopic and robotic systems, named Hybrid Cyber-Physical Surgery (HYS©). In conclusion, the development of SY-MIS© promotes the use of advanced technologies to improve surgical procedures and human-machine medical cooperation for the next frontier of habitability on other planets.
  • Publication
    The virtual ITalent 2.0 methodology in the generation of disruptive innovations
    ( 2022-06-01)
    Mitma J.L.I.
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    Pinzás A.R.C.
    The application of ITalent Virtual 2.0 and its evaluation in terms of the generation of disruptive innovations are presented in this article. A sample of 17 projects taken was selected for the fourth stage of said method, being evaluated through the litmus test and later by the binomial test. The type of research was experimental, with a post-test group design. The results obtained show that most of the projects evaluated are disruptive, proving the method’s effectiveness. This result is relevant because it validates a methodology that allows business incubators to have participants that generate disruptive innovations.
  • Publication
    Treatment of monazite by organic acids II: Rare earth dissolution and recovery
    ( 2018-08-01)
    Lazo D.
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    Dyer L.
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    Alorro R.
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    Browner R.
    In the present study, the second stage of a sequential extraction method of rare earths from monazite is discussed. The high cost and environmental impact of the conventional extraction processes of rare earth elements (REEs) have driven the investigation of alternate treatment techniques. The first paper of this series detailed the solution conversion of rare earth phosphate in monazite to an oxalate salt. This was achieved via an oxalic acid leach that removed the phosphate ion from the matrix. To determine the ability of leaching to release REEs from this residue, various other organic acids (citric, tartaric, acetic, lactic, crotonic, formic, maleic, gluconic, levulinic, mandelic and EDTA) were tested as lixiviants. An alkaline EDTA solution, which reported the strongest ability to extract REEs, was tested further to maximise recovery. A maximum single-pass extraction of >60% of the Nd (the most valuable REE in this material) was achieved in just 5 min at pH 10 and ambient temperature. >40% extraction of Ce and La was also obtained, with minimal proportions of phosphorus and iron released into solution. Where multiple passes of both leach stages were performed, greater extraction of all REEs was achieved. It is apparent that REE dissolution in this system is limited by the degree of conversion achieved in the first stage. In an industrial context, the results achieved at a laboratory scale show the potential of this system to be developed into an alternative to conventional processing. The PLS generated contains far lower impurity levels than conventional processes and there is the potential for a degree of selectivity between REEs prior to separation. This system thus represents a possible reduction in technical complexity and energy requirement as well as both environmental and safety issues in comparison to conventional technologies. The ability to produce a REE hydroxide also allows it to replace conventional extraction while still employing the same separation technology.
  • Publication
    Use and gratifications of mobile SNSs
    ( 2015-01-01)
    Park, Myeong Cheol
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    Ha, Young Wook
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    Kim, Jimin
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    Chang, Younghoon
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    Libaque Saenz, Christian Fernando